primary antibodies targeting ndufb2  (Proteintech)

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flowchart of the study. The diagram illustrates the comprehensive workflow of this study. The process includes (1) data acquisition from public databases, (2) identification of differentially expressed anesthesia-related genes (ARGs) between glioblastoma (GBM) and normal tissues, (3) functional enrichment analyses (GO and KEGG), (4) consensus clustering to identify molecular subgroups, (5) construction and validation of an ARG-based prognostic model, (6) identification and multi-level analysis of the hub gene NDUFB2, and (7) experimental validation of NDUFB2 expression

Article Snippet: The samples, embedded in paraffin, were treated with NDUFB2 antibody (1:200, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) overnight following deparaffinization and antigen retrieval via microwave.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification and characterization of NDUFB2 as a hub gene. A PPI network highlighting the top 15 hub genes identified by the MCC algorithm in cytoHubba. NDUFB2 was identified as the key hub gene present in the prognostic model. B Pan-cancer analysis showing the hazard ratio (HR) of NDUFB2 across various cancers, indicating its risk-associated role in GBM. C Boxplot of NDUFB2 expression in GBM tumors vs. normal tissues from the TCGA and GTEx databases ( p = 0.017, Wilcoxon test). D Boxplot of NDUFB2 expression in gliomas vs. normal tissues ( p = 0.014, Wilcoxon test). E , F Kaplan-Meier curves showing that high NDUFB2 expression is associated with poorer ( E ) overall survival (OS) and ( F ) progression-free survival (PFS) in GBM patients ( n = 150, log-rank test, p < 0.001 for both). G Correlation plot illustrating the relationship between NDUFB2 expression and Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIP) scores. H Bubble plot showing the correlation between NDUFB2 expression and the infiltration levels of various immune cells. The size of the bubble represents the p -value, and the color represents the correlation coefficient. I Scatter plot showing the specific correlation between NDUFB2 expression and macrophage infiltration

Article Snippet: The samples, embedded in paraffin, were treated with NDUFB2 antibody (1:200, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) overnight following deparaffinization and antigen retrieval via microwave.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single-cell and drug sensitivity analysis of NDUFB2. A t-SNE plot of single cells from GBM tissue (dataset GSE102130 ), colored by identified cell type. B-F Violin and t-SNE plots showing NDUFB2 expression is predominantly localized in malignant tumor cells compared to other cell types in the tumor microenvironment ( p < 0.001). G-J Scatter plots showing the correlation between NDUFB2 expression and drug sensitivity (IC50) from GDSC, CTRP, and PRISM databases. A positive correlation indicates resistance (all p < 0.001). K ROC curves showing the AUC values for NDUFB2 expression in predicting immunotherapy response in datasets GSE126044 and GSE67501 . L ROC curve for NDUFB2 expression predicting immunotherapy response in the GBM dataset PRJNA482620 (AUC = 0.623, 95% CI = 0.415–0.803). M Boxplot of NDUFB2 expression in responders vs. non-responders to immunotherapy from the PRJNA482620 dataset ( p = 0.231, Wilcoxon test)

Article Snippet: The samples, embedded in paraffin, were treated with NDUFB2 antibody (1:200, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) overnight following deparaffinization and antigen retrieval via microwave.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spatial transcriptome analysis of NDUFB2 in GBM. A-J Spatial distribution plots showing the abundance of ten different deconvoluted cell types across the GBM tissue section. Color intensity indicates cell abundance per spot. K Spatial plot showing the predominant cell type assigned to each spot after deconvolution. L Spatial feature plot showing the distribution and abundance of macrophages. M Spatial feature plot showing the expression level of NDUFB2 , primarily localized in tumor cell regions. N Scatter plot demonstrating a significant inverse spatial correlation between NDUFB2 expression and macrophage abundance per spot (Pearson’s r = −0.4, p < 0.001)

Article Snippet: The samples, embedded in paraffin, were treated with NDUFB2 antibody (1:200, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) overnight following deparaffinization and antigen retrieval via microwave.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental validation of NDUFB2 expression. A RT-qPCR analysis of NDUFB2 mRNA levels in GBM tissues ( n = 4) and non-tumorous brain tissues ( n = 4). B Representative Western blot images showing NDUFB2 protein expression in GBM ( n = 4) and normal tissue ( n = 4) samples. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (C) Quantification of Western blot band intensities from ( B ). D , E Representative immunohistochemistry (IHC) images from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database showing NDUFB2 protein staining in normal brain and GBM tissue. F , G Validation of NDUFB2 protein expression in an in-house cohort of 22 GBM patients (GXMU-cohort). Scale bars = 200 μm. H Western blot analysis confirmed the knockdown efficiency of NDUFB2 protein expression in U251 cells transfected with si-NC, si-NDUFB2#1, si-NDUFB2#2, and si-NDUFB2#3. I Representative images from the Transwell assays showing cells that invaded through the Matrigel-coated membrane (Invasion) and migrated through the uncoated membrane (Migration). Cells were stained with crystal violet. (Scale bar = 100 μm). J Quantitative analysis of the number of invaded and migrated cells per field of view. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in both invasion and migration in the si-NDUFB2#1 group compared to the si-NC group. K Representative images from the wound healing assay at 0 h and 24 h after scratching the confluent monolayer of U251 cells transfected with si-NC. L Representative images from the wound healing assay at 0 h and 24 h after scratching the confluent monolayer of U251 cells transfected with si-NDUFB2#1

Article Snippet: The samples, embedded in paraffin, were treated with NDUFB2 antibody (1:200, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) overnight following deparaffinization and antigen retrieval via microwave.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Knockdown, Transfection, Membrane, Migration, Wound Healing Assay

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flowchart of the study. The diagram illustrates the comprehensive workflow of this study. The process includes (1) data acquisition from public databases, (2) identification of differentially expressed anesthesia-related genes (ARGs) between glioblastoma (GBM) and normal tissues, (3) functional enrichment analyses (GO and KEGG), (4) consensus clustering to identify molecular subgroups, (5) construction and validation of an ARG-based prognostic model, (6) identification and multi-level analysis of the hub gene NDUFB2, and (7) experimental validation of NDUFB2 expression

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA (Solarbio) for 1 h at ambient temperature and incubated with primary antibodies targeting NDUFB2 (1:500, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) and GAPDH (1:5000, Proteintech, Cat# 10494-1-AP) overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification and characterization of NDUFB2 as a hub gene. A PPI network highlighting the top 15 hub genes identified by the MCC algorithm in cytoHubba. NDUFB2 was identified as the key hub gene present in the prognostic model. B Pan-cancer analysis showing the hazard ratio (HR) of NDUFB2 across various cancers, indicating its risk-associated role in GBM. C Boxplot of NDUFB2 expression in GBM tumors vs. normal tissues from the TCGA and GTEx databases ( p = 0.017, Wilcoxon test). D Boxplot of NDUFB2 expression in gliomas vs. normal tissues ( p = 0.014, Wilcoxon test). E , F Kaplan-Meier curves showing that high NDUFB2 expression is associated with poorer ( E ) overall survival (OS) and ( F ) progression-free survival (PFS) in GBM patients ( n = 150, log-rank test, p < 0.001 for both). G Correlation plot illustrating the relationship between NDUFB2 expression and Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIP) scores. H Bubble plot showing the correlation between NDUFB2 expression and the infiltration levels of various immune cells. The size of the bubble represents the p -value, and the color represents the correlation coefficient. I Scatter plot showing the specific correlation between NDUFB2 expression and macrophage infiltration

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA (Solarbio) for 1 h at ambient temperature and incubated with primary antibodies targeting NDUFB2 (1:500, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) and GAPDH (1:5000, Proteintech, Cat# 10494-1-AP) overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single-cell and drug sensitivity analysis of NDUFB2. A t-SNE plot of single cells from GBM tissue (dataset GSE102130 ), colored by identified cell type. B-F Violin and t-SNE plots showing NDUFB2 expression is predominantly localized in malignant tumor cells compared to other cell types in the tumor microenvironment ( p < 0.001). G-J Scatter plots showing the correlation between NDUFB2 expression and drug sensitivity (IC50) from GDSC, CTRP, and PRISM databases. A positive correlation indicates resistance (all p < 0.001). K ROC curves showing the AUC values for NDUFB2 expression in predicting immunotherapy response in datasets GSE126044 and GSE67501 . L ROC curve for NDUFB2 expression predicting immunotherapy response in the GBM dataset PRJNA482620 (AUC = 0.623, 95% CI = 0.415–0.803). M Boxplot of NDUFB2 expression in responders vs. non-responders to immunotherapy from the PRJNA482620 dataset ( p = 0.231, Wilcoxon test)

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA (Solarbio) for 1 h at ambient temperature and incubated with primary antibodies targeting NDUFB2 (1:500, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) and GAPDH (1:5000, Proteintech, Cat# 10494-1-AP) overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spatial transcriptome analysis of NDUFB2 in GBM. A-J Spatial distribution plots showing the abundance of ten different deconvoluted cell types across the GBM tissue section. Color intensity indicates cell abundance per spot. K Spatial plot showing the predominant cell type assigned to each spot after deconvolution. L Spatial feature plot showing the distribution and abundance of macrophages. M Spatial feature plot showing the expression level of NDUFB2 , primarily localized in tumor cell regions. N Scatter plot demonstrating a significant inverse spatial correlation between NDUFB2 expression and macrophage abundance per spot (Pearson’s r = −0.4, p < 0.001)

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA (Solarbio) for 1 h at ambient temperature and incubated with primary antibodies targeting NDUFB2 (1:500, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) and GAPDH (1:5000, Proteintech, Cat# 10494-1-AP) overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Identifying NDUFB2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma through an exploratory analysis of an anesthesia-related gene signature

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15312-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental validation of NDUFB2 expression. A RT-qPCR analysis of NDUFB2 mRNA levels in GBM tissues ( n = 4) and non-tumorous brain tissues ( n = 4). B Representative Western blot images showing NDUFB2 protein expression in GBM ( n = 4) and normal tissue ( n = 4) samples. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (C) Quantification of Western blot band intensities from ( B ). D , E Representative immunohistochemistry (IHC) images from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database showing NDUFB2 protein staining in normal brain and GBM tissue. F , G Validation of NDUFB2 protein expression in an in-house cohort of 22 GBM patients (GXMU-cohort). Scale bars = 200 μm. H Western blot analysis confirmed the knockdown efficiency of NDUFB2 protein expression in U251 cells transfected with si-NC, si-NDUFB2#1, si-NDUFB2#2, and si-NDUFB2#3. I Representative images from the Transwell assays showing cells that invaded through the Matrigel-coated membrane (Invasion) and migrated through the uncoated membrane (Migration). Cells were stained with crystal violet. (Scale bar = 100 μm). J Quantitative analysis of the number of invaded and migrated cells per field of view. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in both invasion and migration in the si-NDUFB2#1 group compared to the si-NC group. K Representative images from the wound healing assay at 0 h and 24 h after scratching the confluent monolayer of U251 cells transfected with si-NC. L Representative images from the wound healing assay at 0 h and 24 h after scratching the confluent monolayer of U251 cells transfected with si-NDUFB2#1

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA (Solarbio) for 1 h at ambient temperature and incubated with primary antibodies targeting NDUFB2 (1:500, Proteintech, Cat# 17614-1-AP) and GAPDH (1:5000, Proteintech, Cat# 10494-1-AP) overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Knockdown, Transfection, Membrane, Migration, Wound Healing Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Identification and validation of cuproptosis-related genes in acetaminophen-induced liver injury using bioinformatics analysis and machine learning

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371446

Figure Lengend Snippet: Altered expression of the OFGs and effects of ATTM on AILI. (A, B) HE staining to assess liver necrosis (Scale bar, 500 µm; n = 6 per group). (C, D) Serum concentrations of ALT and AST (n = 6 per group). (E) Quantitative PCR analysis of NDUFB2, NDUFB6, PDHA1, and SDHB (n = 6 per group). (F, G) Western blotting and densitometry analysis of NDUFB2, NDUFB6, PDHA1, and SDHB (n = 3 per group). (H) Copper levels of AML12 cells (n = 3 for each group). (I) Cell viability of AML12 cells (n = 4 for each group). (J) Hepatic copper levels of AILI mouse model (n = 5 for NS and ATTM group, n = 10 for APAP and APAP+ATTM group). (K, L) HE staining to assess liver necrosis (Scale bar, 500 µm; n = 6 per group). The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. P values are shown as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; ns, not significant. AILI, acetaminophen induced liver injury; OFGs, optimal feature genes; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HE, hematoxylin-eosin staining; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; ATTM, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate.

Article Snippet: Western blotting (WB) was performed to measure the protein expression of the OFGs as previously described , with antibodies against NDUFB2 (17614–1-AP, Proteintech), NDUFB6 (16037–1-AP, Proteintech), PDHA1 (18068–1-AP, Proteintech), and SDHB (10620–1-AP, Proteintech). β-actin (81115–1-RR, Proteintech) was used as an internal control.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Identification and validation of cuproptosis-related genes in acetaminophen-induced liver injury using bioinformatics analysis and machine learning

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371446

Figure Lengend Snippet: Altered expression of the OFGs and effects of ATTM on AILI. (A, B) HE staining to assess liver necrosis (Scale bar, 500 µm; n = 6 per group). (C, D) Serum concentrations of ALT and AST (n = 6 per group). (E) Quantitative PCR analysis of NDUFB2, NDUFB6, PDHA1, and SDHB (n = 6 per group). (F, G) Western blotting and densitometry analysis of NDUFB2, NDUFB6, PDHA1, and SDHB (n = 3 per group). (H) Copper levels of AML12 cells (n = 3 for each group). (I) Cell viability of AML12 cells (n = 4 for each group). (J) Hepatic copper levels of AILI mouse model (n = 5 for NS and ATTM group, n = 10 for APAP and APAP+ATTM group). (K, L) HE staining to assess liver necrosis (Scale bar, 500 µm; n = 6 per group). The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. P values are shown as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; ns, not significant. AILI, acetaminophen induced liver injury; OFGs, optimal feature genes; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HE, hematoxylin-eosin staining; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; ATTM, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate.

Article Snippet: Western blotting (WB) was performed to measure the protein expression of the OFGs as previously described , with antibodies against NDUFB2 (17614–1-AP, Proteintech), NDUFB6 (16037–1-AP, Proteintech), PDHA1 (18068–1-AP, Proteintech), and SDHB (10620–1-AP, Proteintech). β-actin (81115–1-RR, Proteintech) was used as an internal control.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Polymerase Chain Reaction